Dyspareunia

Definition
Dyspareunia refers to persistent or recurrent pain during sexual intercourse. Pain can occur at the vaginal entrance (superficial dyspareunia), deeper within the pelvis (deep dyspareunia), or both. Dyspareunia may occur as a standalone condition or alongside other pelvic floor, gynaecological, or medical issues.

Symptoms

• Pain, burning, or stinging at the vaginal entrance during penetration

• Deep pelvic or abdominal pain with thrusting or certain positions

• Lingering discomfort after intercourse

• Anxiety or fear around sex due to anticipated pain

• Reduced sexual desire or avoidance of intimacy

Who is Most Affected?
Dyspareunia is common among individuals with pelvic floor dysfunction, hormonal changes (menopause, breastfeeding, post-cancer), gynaecological conditions (endometriosis, adenomyosis, ovarian cysts), post-surgical or childbirth changes, and those with psychological factors such as anxiety or past trauma.

Common Causes

• Pelvic floor muscle overactivity or spasm

• Pelvic pain conditions like endometriosis or vulvodynia

• Hormonal changes causing vaginal dryness or atrophy

• Scar tissue or trauma from surgery or childbirth

• Psychological contributors including anxiety or fear

Management Approaches
Pelvic Floor Osteopathy supports dyspareunia with assessment, manual therapy, pelvic floor retraining, relaxation techniques, education, and guided graded return to intimacy. Multidisciplinary care may include medical and psychological support.

Key Point
Dyspareunia is common but treatable. With the right holistic approach, many individuals regain comfort, confidence, and positive sexual experiences.